as the days pass
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em passando os dias,
as the days pass,
Time is imagined as the softening agent.
'Em passando os dias' makes time itself the gentle agent. The construction imagines healing by simple accumulation of ordinary days, the mother's grief-born vow wearing thinner the further it recedes from the fear that made it.
This is a distinctly human theory of forgetting, and Justina states it as common sense. Machado, though, sets it up only to knock it down: the next clause will insist that the days cannot do their softening work because a voice keeps the wound open. The passing of time, the natural cure, is precisely what the agregado's persistence cancels. In a novel obsessed with memory — narrated, after all, by a man trying to reassemble his past — the idea that time heals is offered here just long enough to be denied.
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