Heraclitus B63 · B63

Guardians, wakeful, of living and dead

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φύλακας γίνεσθαι ἐγερτὶ ζώντων καὶ νεκρῶν

There they rise up to become wakeful guardians of the living and the dead.

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φύλακαςphýlakasguardiansγίνεσθαιgínesthaito becomeἐγερτὶegertíwakefullyζώντωνzṓntōnof the livingκαὶkaíandνεκρῶνnekrônof the dead

The setting

Preserved by Hippolytus (Refutation IX), who quotes it in a discussion of resurrection and reads it as testimony to a rising of the dead — an interpretation coloured by his Christian polemic. The Greek is compressed and its subject unstated: (that they) become guardians, wakefully, of the living and the dead. It is among the most contested fragments.

A note on this passage

The fragment is a fossil: torn from its sentence, it gives a subject we cannot recover and a rare word, <em>egerti</em>, that hovers between 'wakefully' and 'risen up.' Hippolytus, hunting proof-texts for the resurrection, heard the dead standing up as watchmen. That reading is almost certainly his, not Heraclitus's; but the pairing of living and dead as objects of a single guardianship is genuinely Heraclitean.

Heraclitus keeps the living and the dead on one continuum — 'immortals mortal, mortals immortal, living the others' death, dead in the others' life' (B62), the sleeper who kindles a light 'in the night' touching the dead (B26). Whoever the guardians are — daimones, souls, the wakeful few — they stand watch over both states at once, because for Heraclitus the two are not sealed off from each other. The word <em>egerti</em> ties it to his abiding image of waking versus sleep: the guard's whole virtue is that he does not doze.

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