Same and Different
Read the full text in our reader
上士聞道,勤而行之;中士聞道,若存若亡;下士聞道,大笑之。不笑不足以為道。故建言有之:明道若昧,進道若退,夷道若類。上德若谷,大白若辱,廣德若不足。建德若偷,質真若渝。大方無隅,大器晚成,大音希聲,大象無形。道隱無名,夫唯道善貸且成。
The best student hears of the Way, and works hard to practice it. The middling student hears of the Way, and sometimes keeps it, sometimes loses it. The worst student hears of the Way and laughs loudly at it. If it were not laughed at, it would not deserve to be called the Way. So the set sayings have it: the bright Way looks dim; the Way forward looks like going back; the level Way looks ordinary. The highest virtue looks like a valley. The purest white looks soiled. The broadest virtue looks like it is not enough. Established virtue looks as if it could be stolen. Plain truth looks faded. The greatest square has no corners. The greatest vessel is finished late. The greatest note is rarely sounded. The greatest image has no shape. The Way is hidden and has no name. Now, only the Way is good at lending, and at bringing to completion.
Three kinds of listener meet the Way, followed by Laozi's most famous string of paradoxes: greatness that looks like its opposite.
Laozi treats the scoffer’s laugh as proof that the teaching is genuine. The old sayings he borrows explain why: anything great enough to hold everything cannot also look sharp, finished or loud in the ordinary way, so the real thing is easy to mistake for its opposite.
The line 大音希聲, “the greatest note is rarely sounded”, is one of the book’s most quoted: the deepest music holds back. The Way itself is the last and largest case, hidden and nameless, yet the one thing that lends generously to everything and brings what it lends to completion.
Read the full commentary — and tap any word for its dictionary entry — in the interlinear reader.
Open Tao Te Ching 41 in the full reader
Always open passages in the reader
You are reading a page of the Tao Te Ching — the whole book is free in our interlinear reader.
The Great Library Project presses the classics in their original languages, glossed word by word — free to read, always. Browse the whole library.
Also on our shelves:
Tao Te Ching 41 — The Great Library Project interlinear edition · greatlibraryproject.com/book/tao/41/