12-18
Clouds 12-18 · Bitten by debts12-18Bitten by debts
Strepsiades explains why he cannot sleep: his son's passion for horses is ruining him, the end of the month is coming, and he calls for a lamp.
· · ·
Strepsiades
ἀλλʼ1
all’
But
δύναμαι2
dýnamai
I can
οὐ3
ou
not
εὕδειν4
heúdein
sleep
, δείλαιος5
deílaios
poor mewretched
, δακνόμενος6🎭1
daknómenos
being bitten
ὑπὸ7
hypò
by
τῆς8
tês
the
δαπάνης9
dapánēs
billsexpense
καὶ10
kaì
and
τῆς11
tês
the
φάτνης12
phátnēs
stablemanger
καὶ13
kaì
and
τῶν14
tôn
the
χρεῶν15
chreôn
debts
, διὰ16
dià
because of
τουτονὶ17
toutonì
this
τὸν18
tòn
—
υἱόν19
hyión
son
. δὲ20
dè
And
ὁ21
ho
he
, ἔχων22
échōn
withhaving
his
κόμην23🎭2
kómēn
long hair
, ἱππάζεταί24
hippázetaí
rides horses
τε25
te
—
καὶ26
kaì
and
ξυνωρικεύεται27
xynōrikeúetai
drives chariotsdrives a two-horse team
θʼ28
th’
and
ὀνειροπολεῖ29
oneiropoleî
dreams of
ἵππους30
híppous
horses
. δʼ31
d’
And
ἐγὼ32
egṑ
I
ἀπόλλυμαι33
apóllymai
am dyingam being destroyed
ὁρῶν34
horôn
watching
τὴν35
tḕn
the
σελήνην36🎭3
selḗnēn
moon
ἄγουσαν37
ágousan
bring on
εἰκάδας38
eikádas
the twentiestwentieth days of the month
. γὰρ39
gàr
For
οἱ40
hoi
the
τόκοι41
tókoi
interestoffspring
χωροῦσιν42
chōroûsin
mounts upadvance
. παῖ43
paî
Boy
ἅπτε44
hápte
light
λύχνον45
lýchnon
a lamp
! Strepsiades
But I can not sleep, poor me, being bitten by the bills and the stable and the debts, because of this son. And he, with his long hair, rides horses and drives chariots and dreams of horses. And I am dying watching the moon bring on the twenties. For the interest mounts up. Boy, light a lamp! 🎭 The jokes here
1Bitten· pun Debts "bite" him, and he is lying wrapped in his bedclothes, where bugs bite. A few lines on he will blame his tossing and turning on a "bug" in the bedding.Source: ancient scholion on line 12, quoted in Starkie 1911
2The long hair· Athenian dig In Athens long hair on a young man was the badge of the cavalry set, rich boys who kept horses. The audience would have placed Pheidippides socially the moment he appeared.Source: ancient scholion on line 14, quoted in Starkie 1911
3Counting down by the moon· Athenian dig Months followed the moon, and interest was paid at the month's end. A moon moving into the twenties is the creditor's clock. Every debtor in the theatre knew the feeling.Source: Starkie 1911, note on line 17
Strepsiades: But I can not sleep, poor me, being bitten by the bills and the stable and the debts, because of this son. And he, with his long hair, rides horses and drives chariots and dreams of horses. And I am dying watching the moon bring on the twenties. For the interest mounts up. Boy, light a lamp!
Interpretation
But I can not sleep, poor me, bitten by the bills and the stable and the debts, all because of this son of mine. He wears his hair long, rides horses, drives a chariot and dreams of horses. And I am dying as I watch the moon bring on the twenties of the month. The interest is mounting up. Boy, light a lamp!
Strepsiades is "bitten" by his bills, and the word will come back: in a few lines he will claim a bug is biting him in bed. The real bite is money. The son's long hair is a detail every Athenian could read at a glance. Long hair on a young man meant the horse-riding rich, the families who could afford to keep a stable and race chariots. Pheidippides has the habits of a class his father only married into.
The moon is the cruelest image. Athenian months followed the moon, and debts and interest fell due at the end of the month. So the old man lies awake counting down the days by the moon as it moves toward the twenties, and the last week before the creditors come.
19-24
Clouds 19-24 · The ledger19-24The ledger
By lamplight, Strepsiades reads through his account book, debt by debt.
· · ·
Strepsiades: And bring out the ledger, so I can take it and read how many people I owe, and work out the interest. Come, let me see, what do I owe? Twelve minas to Pasias. What for, twelve minas to Pasias? What did I spend it on? When I bought the koppa-horse. Oh no, poor me! If only my eye had been knocked out with a stone before that!