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Athenaeus, The Learned Banqueters (Deipnosophistae) 603c · 603c

The captive queen

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Alexander — γὰρ οὕτως ἐμὲ εὐφρανεῖ ὡς σὲ λυπήσει.’
Carystius, quoted by Myrtilus — ὥσπερ γὰρ ἦν ἐρωτικὸς ὁ βασιλεὺς οὗτος, οὕτως καὶ πρὸς τὸ καθῆκον ἐγκρατὴς καὶ πρὸς τὸ πρεπωδέστατον. αἰχμαλώτους γοῦν λαβὼν τὰς Δαρείου θυγατέρας καὶ τὴν γυναῖκα κάλλει διαπρεπεστάτην οὖσαν οὐ μόνον ἀπέσχετο, ἀλλ’ οὐδὲ ἐκείνας μαθεῖν ἐποίησεν ὅτι εἰσὶν αἰχμάλωτοι, ἀλλ’ ὡς ἔτι Δαρείου ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ ὄντος πάντα αὐταῖς χορηγεῖσθαι ἐκέλευσεν. διόπερ καὶ Δαρεῖος τοῦτο μαθὼν ηὔξατο τῷ Ἡλίῳ τὰς χεῖρας ἀνατείνας ἢ αὐτὸν βασιλεύειν

…please me as much as it will pain you.’” For as given to love as this king was, he was just as self-controlled in what was fitting and most seemly. At any rate, when he took the daughters of Darius captive, and his wife, who was the most outstanding in beauty, not only did he keep away from them, he did not even let them know that they were captives: he ordered that they be supplied with everything as if Darius were still in power. That is why Darius, on learning this, raised his hands and prayed to the Sun that either he himself should be king…

Word by word

Alexander
γὰρgàr—οὕτωςhoútōsso muchἐμὲemèmeεὐφρανεῖeuphraneîpleaseὡςhōsasσὲsèyouλυπήσειlypḗseiit will pain.’
Carystius, quoted by Myrtilus
ὥσπερhṓsperjust asγὰρgàrforἦνênwasἐρωτικὸςerōtikòsgiven to loveὁho—βασιλεὺςbasileùskingοὗτοςhoûtosthis,οὕτωςhoútōssoκαὶkaìtooπρὸςpròsinτὸtòwhatκαθῆκονkathêkonwas fittingἐγκρατὴςenkratḕsself-controlledκαὶkaìandπρὸςpròsinτὸtòwhatπρεπωδέστατονprepōdéstatonwas most seemly.αἰχμαλώτουςaichmalṓtousas captivesγοῦνgoûnat any rateλαβὼνlabṑnwhen he tookτὰςtàstheΔαρείουDareíouof Dariusθυγατέραςthygatérasdaughtersκαὶkaìandτὴνtḕnhisγυναῖκαgynaîkawifeκάλλειkálleiin beautyδιαπρεπεστάτηνdiaprepestátēnmost outstandingοὖσανoûsanwho wasοὐounotμόνονmónononlyἀπέσχετοapéschetodid he keep away,ἀλλ’all’butοὐδὲoudènot evenἐκείναςekeínasthemμαθεῖνmatheînknowἐποίησενepoíēsendid he letὅτιhótithatεἰσὶνeisìnthey wereαἰχμάλωτοιaichmálōtoicaptives,ἀλλ’all’butὡςhōsas ifἔτιétistillΔαρείουDareíouDariusἐνeninτῇtêi—βασιλείᾳbasileíaipowerὄντοςóntoswereπάνταpántaeverythingαὐταῖςautaîsfor themχορηγεῖσθαιchorēgeîsthaito be suppliedἐκέλευσενekéleusenhe ordered.διόπερdióperthat is whyκαὶkaì—ΔαρεῖοςDareîosDariusτοῦτοtoûtothisμαθὼνmathṑnon learningηὔξατοēúxatoprayedτῷtôito theἩλίῳHēlíōiSunτὰςtàshisχεῖραςcheîrashandsἀνατείναςanateínasraisingἢḕeitherαὐτὸνautònhe himselfβασιλεύεινbasileúeinshould be king

The setting

Alexander defeated Darius III of Persia at Issus in 333 BC and captured his family, and several ancient historians describe how he treated them.

A note on this passage

Alexander's answer is the kind of line his admirers collected: the kiss would cost Charon more than it would give the king. Myrtilus uses it to turn the portrait round, and the king who kissed Bagoas in front of a whole theatre becomes the king who would not lay a hand on a captive queen.<br><br>Plutarch (<i>Alexander</i> 21) and Arrian (2.12) tell this too. In Plutarch, Darius prays that if he must lose his throne it should go to Alexander and no one else (<i>Alexander</i> 30).

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