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Athenaeus, The Learned Banqueters (Deipnosophistae) 604b · 604b

Rosy-fingered

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Sophocles — σοι ἀρέσκει ἄρα, ὦ ξένε, τὸ Σιμωνίδειον, κάρτα δοκέον τοῖς Ἕλλησιν εὖ εἰρῆσθαι·
Sophocles, quoting Simonides — πορφυρέου ἀπὸ στόματος ἱεῖσα φωνὰν παρθένος,
Sophocles — οὐδ’ ὁ ποιητής, ἔφη, ⟨ ὁ ⟩ λέγων χρυσοκόμαν Ἀπόλλωνα· χρυσέας γὰρ εἰ ἐποίησεν ὁ ζωγράφος τὰς τοῦ θεοῦ κόμας καὶ μὴ μελαίνας, χεῖρον ἂν ἦν τὸ ζωγράφημα. οὐδὲ ὁ φὰς ῥοδοδάκτυλον· εἰ γάρ τις εἰς ῥόδεον χρῶμα βάψειε τοὺς δακτύλους, πορφυροβάφου χεῖρας καὶ οὐ γυναικὸς καλῆς ποιήσειεν ⟨ ἄν ⟩.’
Ion of Chios — γελασάντων δὲ ὁ μὲν Ἐρετριεὺς ἐνωπήθη τῇ ἐπιραπίξει, ὃ δὲ πάλιν τοῦ παιδὸς τῷ

…pleases you, stranger, the line of Simonides that the Greeks think so very well said: ‘a girl sending her voice from a crimson mouth’; nor,” he said, “the poet who calls Apollo golden-haired. For if the painter had made the god's hair golden and not black, the painting would be worse. Nor the one who said ‘rosy-fingered’: if someone dipped his fingers in rose dye, he would make the hands of a purple-dyer, not of a beautiful woman.” They laughed, and the Eretrian was abashed by the rebuke, and Sophocles turned back to the boy…

Word by word

Sophocles
σοιsoiyouἀρέσκειaréskeipleasesἄραárathen,ὦô—ξένεxénestranger,τὸtòtheΣιμωνίδειονSimōnídeionline of Simonides,κάρταkártaso veryδοκέονdokéonthoughtτοῖςtoîsby theἝλλησινHéllēsinGreeksεὖeûwellεἰρῆσθαιeirêsthaisaid·
Sophocles, quoting Simonides
πορφυρέουporphyréoucrimsonἀπὸapòfromστόματοςstómatosmouthἱεῖσαhieîsasendingφωνὰνphōnànvoiceπαρθένοςparthénosa girl,
Sophocles
οὐδ’oud’norὁhotheποιητήςpoiētḗspoet,ἔφηéphēhe said,⟨ὁhowho⟩λέγωνlégōncallsχρυσοκόμανchrysokómangolden-hairedἈπόλλωναApóllōnaApollo·χρυσέαςchryséasgoldenγὰρgàrforεἰeiifἐποίησενepoíēsenhad madeὁhotheζωγράφοςzōgráphospainterτὰςtàstheτοῦtoûof theθεοῦtheoûgodκόμαςkómashairκαὶkaìandμὴmḕnotμελαίναςmelaínasblack,χεῖρονcheîronworseἂνànwouldἦνênbeτὸtòtheζωγράφημαzōgráphēmapainting.οὐδὲoudènorὁhothe oneφὰςphàswho saidῥοδοδάκτυλονrhododáktylonrosy-fingered·εἰeiifγάρgárforτιςtissomeoneεἰςeisinῥόδεονrhódeonroseχρῶμαchrômadyeβάψειεbápseiedippedτοὺςtoùshisδακτύλουςdaktýlousfingers,πορφυροβάφουporphyrobáphouof a purple-dyerχεῖραςcheîrashandsκαὶkaìandοὐounotγυναικὸςgynaikòswomanκαλῆςkalêsbeautifulποιήσειενpoiḗseienhe would make⟨ἄνán—⟩.’
Ion of Chios
γελασάντωνgelasántōnthey laughedδὲdèandὁhotheμὲνmèn—ἘρετριεὺςEretrieùsEretrianἐνωπήθηenōpḗthēwas abashedτῇtêiby theἐπιραπίξειepirapíxeirebuke,ὃhòheδὲdèandπάλινpálinagainτοῦtoûtheπαιδὸςpaidòsboyτῷtôiwith

The setting

Sophocles answers the schoolmaster by applying his literal logic to the most famous lines in Greek poetry, until the table laughs.

A note on this passage

Sophocles wins by agreeing. He takes the schoolmaster's rule, that poetry must match a painter's palette, and applies it to Simonides, to Pindar's golden-haired Apollo, and finally to Homer's rosy-fingered Dawn, the most famous epithet in Greek. If the rule condemns Homer, the rule is wrong.<br><br>The line Ion gives as Simonides' is also preserved here and almost nowhere else. A whole lost world of lyric survives in Athenaeus as table-talk, quoted to win an argument at dinner.

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