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17.1
Enchiridion 17.1 · You are an actor in a play
A whole ethic in a stage metaphor. The casting is not yours; the acting is. Epictetus turns the oldest complaint — I didn't choose this role — into the one thing that frees you from it.
· · ·
μέμνησο1
mémnēso
Rememberto remind, (mid. / perf. μέμνησο) remember
ὅτι2
hóti
thatbecause
εἶ3
ei͂
you areto be, to exist
ὑποκριτὴς4
hupokritḕs
an actor(later) hypocrite
δράματος5
drámatos
in a playdrama, deed, action
,
οἵου6
ohíou
of whatever kindsuch as, of what kind, (οἷον) for example
ἂν7
àn
(modalpotential particle, with subj. = ἐάν, 'if')
ὁ8
ho
the
διδάσκαλος9
didáskalos
directorteacher, (of a play) the director
θέλῃ10
thélēi
wishesto wish, want, be willing
:
ἂν11
àn
if(modal / potential particle, with subj. = ἐάν, 'if')
βραχύ12
brakhú
shortsmall, brief
,
βραχέος13
brakhéos
a short onesmall, brief
;
ἂν14
àn
if(modal / potential particle, with subj. = ἐάν, 'if')
μακρόν15
makrón
longlarge, far
,
μακροῦ16
makrou͂
a long onelarge, far
;
ἂν17
àn
if(modal / potential particle, with subj. = ἐάν, 'if')
σε18
se
you
θέλῃ19
thélēi
he wishesto wish, want, be willing
πτωχὸν20
ptōkhòn
a beggarbeggarly, (noun) a beggar
ὑποκρίνασθαί21
hupokrínasthaí
to playto play a part, act
,
ἵνα22
hína
so thatin order that
καὶ23
kaì
evenand, also
τοῦτον24
tou͂ton
this one
εὐφυῶς25
euphuō͂s
with a good gracewith natural grace, cleverly, aptly
ὑποκρίνῃ26
hupokrínēi
you may playto play a part, act
;
ἂν27
àn
if(modal / potential particle, with subj. = ἐάν, 'if')
χωλόν28
khōlón
a cripplelame, crippled
,
ἂν29
àn
if(modal / potential particle, with subj. = ἐάν, 'if')
ἄρχοντα30
árkhonta
a magistrateruler, commander
,
ἂν31
àn
if(modal / potential particle, with subj. = ἐάν, 'if')
ἰδιώτην32
idiṓtēn
a private citizenprivate person, layman
.
γὰρ33
gàr
Forbecause
τοῦτʼ34
tou͂tʼ
thisthis one
σὸν35
sòn
yoursyour
ἔστι36
ésti
isto be, to exist
:
ὑποκρίνασθαι37
hupokrínasthai
to playto play a part, act
καλῶς38
kalō͂s
wellbeautifully, rightly
τὸ39
tò
the
δοθὲν40
dothèn
assignedto give, (aor. pass. δοθέν) the thing given
πρόσωπον41
prósōpon
roleface, mask, (dramatic) character
;
ἐκλέξασθαι42
ekléxasthai
to choose itto pick out, select
δʼ43
dʼ
butand
αὐτὸ44
autò
itself, him / her / the same
ἄλλου45
állou
is another'sother, another
.
Remember that you are an actor in a play, of whatever kind the director wishes: if a short one, a short part; if a long one, a long part; if he wishes you to play a beggar, play even that one with a good grace; if a cripple, if a magistrate, if a private man. For this is yours: to play well the part you are given; but to choose it belongs to another.

Remember that you are an actor in a play, of whatever kind the director wishes: if a short one, a short part; if a long one, a long part; if he wishes you to play a beggar, play even that one with a good grace; if a cripple, if a magistrate, if a private man. For this is yours: to play well the part you are given; but to choose it belongs to another.
Interpretation
Remember that you are an actor in a play, of whatever kind the director wishes: if he wants it short, a short one; if long, a long one; if he wants you to play a beggar, play even that with a good grace; and so a cripple, a magistrate, a private man. For this is yours — to play well the role you are given; but to choose it belongs to someone else.
The metaphor does all the work. A life is a part in a play whose script and casting you did not set — your birth, your body, your circumstances are assigned, not chosen. Epictetus concedes the whole of what people rage against: you really don't get to pick your role. Then he relocates the freedom. The one thing fully yours is how you play the part handed to you, and he insists it is enough, because playing it well is the only achievement that was ever actually available. What keeps this from being mere resignation is the standard he sets: εὐφυῶς, "with a good grace," and καλῶς, "well." The beggar's part played beautifully is a success in exactly the way the magistrate's is; the roles differ, the excellence does not. The sting, and the liberation, is in the last clause — to choose the role belongs to another. Stop auditioning for a different life, and you are free to act the one you have.
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