1.48
Iliad 1.48 · The plague1.48The plague
Nine days of arrows: first the animals, then the men.
· · ·
ἔπειτʼ1
épeit’
Then
ἕζετʼ2
hézet’
he sat down
ἀπάνευθε3
apáneuthe
apart from
νεῶν4
neôn
the ships
δʼ5
d’
and
ἕηκε6
héēke
let fly
ἰὸν7
iòn
an arrow
μετὰ8
metà
among them
; δὲ9
dè
and
δεινὴ10
deinḕ
terrible
κλαγγὴ11
klangḕ
a twang
γένετʼ12
génet’
came
from
ἀργυρέοιο13
argyréoio
the silver
βιοῖο14
bioîo
bow
. μὲν15
mèn
—
πρῶτον16
prôton
First
ἐπῴχετο17
epṓicheto
he went after
οὐρῆας18
ourêas
the mules
καὶ19
kaì
and
ἀργούς20
argoús
the swiftthe flashing
κύνας21
kýnas
dogs
, αὐτὰρ22
autàr
but
ἔπειτʼ23
épeit’
then
, ἐφιεὶς24
ephieìs
letting loose
ἐχεπευκὲς25
echepeukès
a sharp
βέλος26
bélos
dart
αὐτοῖσι27
autoîsi
at the men themselves
, βάλλʼ28
báll’
he shot
; δὲ29
dè
and
πυραὶ30
pyraì
pyres
νεκύων31
nekýōn
of the dead
καίοντο32
kaíonto
burned
θαμειαί33
thameiaí
thick
, αἰεὶ34
aieì
always
. Then he sat down apart from the ships and let fly an arrow among them; and a terrible twang came from the silver bow. First he went after the mules and the swift dogs, but then, letting loose a sharp dart at the men themselves, he shot; and the pyres of the dead burned thick, without end.
Then he sat down apart from the ships and let fly an arrow among them; and a terrible twang came from the silver bow. First he went after the mules and the swift dogs, but then, letting loose a sharp dart at the men themselves, he shot; and the pyres of the dead burned thick, without end.
Interpretation
Then he sat down apart from the ships and let fly an arrow among them; and a terrible twang came from the silver bow. First he went after the mules and the swift dogs, but then, letting loose a sharp dart at the men themselves, he shot; and the pyres of the dead burned thick, without end.
The god sits down to shoot, like a hunter at a distance. Line 49 is all sound again: deinē de klangē genet’ argyreoio bioio, “a terrible twang came from the silver bow.” The word for bow, bios, differs from bios, “life,” only by its accent. Heraclitus made the pun: “the bow’s name is life, but its work is death” (fragment B48).
The plague moves the way sickness moves through a camp, from the animals to the men. Aristotle’s Poetics (1461a) mentions this line: some read ourēas here not as “mules” but as “guards,” the sentries posted outside the camp. The sentence ends on the image that will close so many scenes in this poem: the pyres, crowded together, never going out.