Os Lusíadas 1.92 · 1.92

The Portuguese Answer

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Uns vão nas almadias carregadas, Um corta o mar a nado diligente, Quem se afoga nas ondas encurvadas, Quem bebe o mar, e o deita juntamente. Arrombam as miúdas bombardadas Os pangaios subtis da bruta gente: Desta arte o Português enfim castiga A vil malícia, pérfida, inimiga.

Some flee in the laden canoes; one cuts across the sea swimming hard; another drowns in the curling waves; another gulps the sea and spews it up all at once. The small cannon-shots smash the flimsy sewn boats of the savage people. In this way the Portuguese at last punishes the vile malice, treacherous and hostile.

Word by word

UnsOONSHsomevãoVÃWgonasNASHin / onalmadiasal-ma-DEE-ashcanoescarregadaskə-rrə-GA-dashloaded,UmOONonecortaKOR-tacutsooothemarMARseaaato / atnadoNA-dooswimmingdiligentedee-lee-ZHEN-tediligent,QuemKÃYNsomeseseoneself / ifafogaa-FO-gadrownsnasNASHin / onondasON-dashwavesencurvadasen-koor-VA-dashcurving,QuemKÃYNsomebebeBE-bedrinksooothemarMARsea,eeeandooothedeitaDAY-taspews outjuntamentezhoon-ta-MEN-teall at once.Arrombama-RROM-bãwsmashasashthemiúdasmee-OO-dashsmallbombardadasbom-bar-DA-dashcannon-shotsOsooshthepangaiospan-GAI-ooshsewn boatssubtissoob-TEESHflimsydadaof / frombrutaBROO-tabrutegenteZHEN-tepeople:DestaDESH-tathisarteAR-temannerooothePortuguêspoor-too-GESHPortugueseenfimen-FEENat lastcastigakash-TEE-gapunishesAathevilVEELvilemalíciama-LEE-see-amalice,pérfidaPER-fee-daperfidious,inimigaee-nee-MEE-gahostile.

The setting

The people of Mozambique, having attacked Gama's fleet by treachery, are routed. Their small boats are smashed by cannon-fire and the survivors flounder in the water.

A note on this passage

This is the payoff stanza of the Mozambique episode: after the Muslim pilot and townsmen tried to trap Gama, the fleet's guns answer, and Camões gives us the rout in four quick freeze-frames. The verbs pile up in the present tense so the chaos happens in front of you: some flee, one swims, one drowns, one drinks and vomits the sea. Only in the final couplet does the camera pull back to name the moral: the Portuguese "castiga" the malice of the enemy.

What a first reader misses is how loaded that closing word "castiga" (punishes, chastises) is. It reframes cannon-fire as justice, not mere victory. The three adjectives at the end, vil, pérfida, inimiga, all fall on the enemy, so the slaughter is presented as deserved. It is a small, honest window onto the epic's imperial logic: the poem needs the Africans to have struck first, so that Portuguese gunpowder can be righteous rather than aggressive.

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