The Siren Vase — Odysseus bound to the mast; Attic red-figure, c. 480 BC, British Museum
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Odyssey 4.128 · Book 4, lines 128–132

Gift matched to gift

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ὃς Μενελάῳ δῶκε δύʼ ἀργυρέας ἀσαμίνθους, δοιοὺς δὲ τρίποδας, δέκα δὲ χρυσοῖο τάλαντα. χωρὶς δʼ αὖθʼ Ἑλένῃ ἄλοχος πόρε κάλλιμα δῶρα· χρυσέην τʼ ἠλακάτην τάλαρόν θʼ ὑπόκυκλον ὄπασσεν ἀργύρεον, χρυσῷ δʼ ἐπὶ χείλεα κεκράαντο.

he it was who gave Menelaus two silver bathing-tubs, a pair of tripods, and ten talents of gold. And separately his wife gave Helen lovely gifts too: a golden distaff and a basket on wheels she bestowed, of silver, and its rims were finished with gold.

Word by word

ὃςhòswhoΜενελάῳMeneláōito Menelausδῶκεdôkegaveδύʼdý’twoἀργυρέαςargyréassilverἀσαμίνθουςasamínthousbathing-tubs,δοιοὺςdoioùsa pair ofδὲ(and)τρίποδαςtrípodastripods,δέκαdékatenδὲ(and)χρυσοῖοchrysoîoof goldτάλανταtálantatalents.χωρὶςchōrìsseparatelyδʼd’(and)αὖθʼaûth’in turnἙλένῃHelénēito Helenἄλοχοςálochoshis wifeπόρεpóregaveκάλλιμαkállimalovelyδῶραdôragifts·χρυσέηνchryséēna goldenτʼt’(and)ἠλακάτηνēlakátēndistaffτάλαρόνtálaróna basketθʼth’(and)ὑπόκυκλονhypókyklonon wheelsὄπασσενópassenshe bestowedἀργύρεονargýreonof silver,χρυσῷchrysôiwith goldδʼd’(and)ἐπὶepì(upon)χείλεαcheíleathe rimsκεκράαντοkekráantowere finished.

The setting

The poet completes the account of the Egyptian gifts: Polybus's presents to Menelaus, and his wife's separate presents to Helen — the wheeled silver work-basket among them.

A note on this passage

The gift-list is completed. Polybus gave Menelaus baths, tripods, and gold; his wife gave Helen a golden distaff and a wheeled silver basket rimmed with gold. Husband gives to husband, wife to wife, the courtesy exactly paired.

This is xenia made visible. Guest-gifts are the currency that binds houses across the sea, and the care with which the poem matches donor to recipient shows how seriously the code is taken. The wealth is not decoration alone; it is the record of alliances kept.

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