The Siren Vase — Odysseus bound to the mast; Attic red-figure, c. 480 BC, British Museum
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Odyssey 4.551 · Book 4, lines 551–553

Name me the third man

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Menelaus — τούτους μὲν δὴ οἶδα· σὺ δὲ τρίτον ἄνδρʼ ὀνόμαζε, ὅς τις ἔτι ζωὸς κατερύκεται εὐρέι πόντῳ ἠὲ θανών· ἐθέλω δὲ καὶ ἀχνύμενός περ ἀκοῦσαι.

These two I know surely; but name me the third man, whoever still alive is held back on the wide sea, or is dead; and I wish to hear it, grieved though I shall be.

Word by word

Menelaus
τούτουςtoútousthese twoμὲνmèn(indeed)δὴdḕsurelyοἶδαoîdaI know,·σὺsỳyouδὲbutτρίτονtrítonthe thirdἄνδρʼándr’manὀνόμαζεonómazename,,ὅςhóswhoeverτιςtis(-ever)ἔτιétistillζωὸςzōòsaliveκατερύκεταιkaterýketaiis held backεὐρέιeuréion the wideπόντῳpóntōisea,ἠὲēèorθανώνthanṓnis dead,·ἐθέλωethélōI wishδὲ(and)καὶkaìevenἀχνύμενόςakhnyménósgrievingπερperthoughἀκοῦσαιakoûsaito hear..

The setting

Proteus has already named two of the Greek leaders lost on the way home — Ajax the Locrian, drowned, and Agamemnon, murdered. Menelaus now asks after a third, unnamed here but known to the reader: Odysseus.

A note on this passage

Menelaus braces himself and asks. He already knows the fates of the first two leaders; now he wants the third, alive or dead, and says plainly that he will grieve either way. It is a brave request — the willingness to hear the worst named aloud.

The reader knows the answer he does not: the third man is Odysseus, the hero of the poem we are inside. For one moment the whole Odyssey narrows to a question asked by another man on a foreign beach — is he alive? The poem lets its own protagonist be, for Menelaus, only a rumor whose ending is still unknown.

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