Phaedrus 230a · 230a

I Cannot Yet Know Myself

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Socrates — οὐ δύναμαί πω κατὰ τὸ Δελφικὸν γράμμα γνῶναι ἐμαυτόν· γελοῖον δή φαίνεται τοῦτο ἔτι ἀγνοοῦντα τὰ ἀλλότρια σκοπεῖν

Asked whether he believes the old myth of the wind-god carrying off a princess, Socrates simply steps aside. He has no leisure, he says, to rationalize such stories — there is a nearer and harder question. Until he can obey the command carved at Delphi and <em>know himself</em>, chasing after other marvels would be ridiculous.

Word by word

Socrates
οὐounotδύναμαίdýnamaíableπωyet (with negative)κατὰkatàaccording toτὸtheΔελφικὸνDelphikònDelphic / of Delphi / of Apollo's oracleγράμμαgrámmainscriptionγνῶναιgnônaiknowἐμαυτόνemautónmyself / my own self·γελοῖονgeloîonabsurdδήdḗindeed / thenφαίνεταιphaínetaiseemsτοῦτοtoûtothis / thatἔτιétistill / yetἀγνοοῦνταagnooûntaignorantτὰtheἀλλότριαallótriaotherσκοπεῖνskopeîninvestigate

The setting

At the Ilissus, Phaedrus has asked whether Socrates believes the local myth of Boreas carrying off Oreithyia. Socrates declines to explain such tales away — he has a more pressing inquiry, and it is not other people's stories.

A note on this passage

This is the Socratic turn in a single sentence: away from the cosmos and the myths, inward, toward the self. The Delphic <em>gnôthi sauton</em> — 'know thyself' — becomes the one inquiry that must precede all others; to study distant wonders while a stranger to your own soul is, he says, simply <em>geloîon</em>, laughable. Two words carry the weight. <em>gignṓskō</em> is not to possess a fact but to <em>come</em> to know, to recognize by a process — self-knowledge as a lifelong task, not a datum. And <em>phaínetai</em>, 'it seems,' from the root of 'phenomenon': even here Plato marks the gap between how things appear and what they are, the gap the whole dialogue will try to cross.

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