4.213
The Victory Odes 4.213 · Aphrodite's wheel and Medea's drug4.213Aphrodite's wheel and Medea's drug
Pythian 4, lines 213–223. Aphrodite gives Jason a love charm, and Medea gives him a drug.
· · ·
δʼ1
d’
And
πότνια2
pótnia
the queenlady
ὀξυτάτων3
oxytátōn
of sharpest
βελέων4
beléōn
arrowsmissiles
, Κυπρογένεια5
Kyprogéneia
the Cyprus-born
, ζεύξαισα6
zeúxaisa
bindingyoking
ποικίλαν7
poikílan
the dappledmany-colored
ἴϋγγα8
íÿnga
wryneck
, τετράκναμον9
tetráknamon
four-spoked
, ἐν10
en
toon
an
ἀλύτῳ11
alýtōi
unbreakablenot to be loosed
κύκλῳ12
kýklōi
wheelcircle
, φέρεν13
phéren
brought
μαινάδʼ14
mainád’
the maddeningraving
ὄρνιν15
órnin
bird
Οὐλυμπόθεν16
Oulympóthen
from Olympus
ἀνθρώποισι17
anthrṓpoisi
to mortalsto humans
πρῶτον18
prôton
for the first time
, τʼ19
t’
and
ἐκδιδάσκησεν20
ekdidáskēsen
she taughttaught thoroughly
σοφὸν21
sophòn
the skilledwise
Αἰσονίδαν22
Aisonídan
son of AesonAesonid
λιτάς23
litás
prayers
and
ἐπαοιδὰς24
epaoidàs
charmssongs sung over
, ὄφρα25
óphra
so that
ἀφέλοιτʼ26
aphéloit’
he might stripmight take away
Μηδείας27
Mēdeías
Medea'sof Medea
αἰδῶ28
aidô
respectreverence
τοκέων29
tokéōn
for her parentsof parents
, δʼ30
d’
and
ποθεινὰ31
potheinà
longed-fordesired
Ἑλλὰς32
Hellàs
GreeceHellas
δονέοι33
donéoi
would drivewould shake
αὐτὰν34
autàn
her
, καιομέναν35
kaioménan
burningbeing burned
ἐν36
en
in
φρασὶ37
phrasì
her heartmidriff
, μάστιγι38
mástigi
with the whiplash
Πειθοῦς39
Peithoûs
of Persuasion
. καὶ40
kaì
And
τάχα41
tácha
quicklysoon
δείκνυεν42
deíknyen
she showedwas pointing out
πείρατʼ43
peírat’
the way to finishends
πατρωΐων44
patrōí̈ōn
her father'sof the father
ἀέθλων45
aéthlōn
trialscontests
; δʼ46
d’
and
φαρμακώσαισʼ47
pharmakṓsais’
medicatinghaving drugged
ἀντίτομα48
antítoma
remediescuttings against
σὺν49
sỳn
with
ἐλαίῳ50
elaíōi
oilolive oil
against
στερεᾶν51
stereân
harshhard
ὀδυνᾶν52
odynân
pains
, δῶκε53
dôke
she gave
them
to him
χρίεσθαι54
chríesthai
to rub on himselfto anoint himself
. τε55
te
And
καταίνησαν56
kataínēsan
they agreedthey assented
μῖξαι57
mîxai
to be joinedto mingle
ἐν58
en
with
ἀλλάλοισι59
alláloisi
each otherone another
in
a
γλυκὺν60
glykỳn
sweet
κοινὸν61
koinòn
sharedcommon
γάμον62
gámon
marriagewedding
. And the queen of sharpest arrows, the Cyprus-born, binding the dappled wryneck, four-spoked, to an unbreakable wheel, brought the maddening bird from Olympus to mortals for the first time, and she taught the skilled son of Aeson prayers and charms, so that he might strip Medea's respect for her parents, and longed-for Greece would drive her, burning in her heart, with the whip of Persuasion. And quickly she showed the way to finish her father's trials; and medicating remedies with oil against harsh pains, she gave them to him to rub on himself. And they agreed to be joined with each other in a sweet, shared marriage.
And the queen of sharpest arrows, the Cyprus-born, binding the dappled wryneck, four-spoked, to an unbreakable wheel, brought the maddening bird from Olympus to mortals for the first time, and she taught the skilled son of Aeson prayers and charms, so that he might strip Medea's respect for her parents, and longed-for Greece would drive her, burning in her heart, with the whip of Persuasion. And quickly she showed the way to finish her father's trials; and medicating remedies with oil against harsh pains, she gave them to him to rub on himself. And they agreed to be joined with each other in a sweet, shared marriage.
Interpretation
And the queen of sharpest arrows, the Cyprus-born, binding the dappled wryneck, spread on four spokes, to an unbreakable wheel, brought that maddening bird down from Olympus to mortals for the first time, and she taught Aeson's skilled son prayers and charms, so that he could strip Medea of her respect for her parents, and so that longing for Greece would drive her, burning in her heart, with the whip of Persuasion. And quickly she showed him the way to finish her father's trials, and she worked drugs into oil, remedies against harsh pains, and gave them to him to rub on himself. And they agreed to be joined to each other in a sweet, shared marriage.
Two kinds of magic meet here. Aphrodite's gift is the ἴυγξ, the wryneck, a small bird that twists its neck. Spread on the four spokes of a wheel and spun, it became a love charm, and the word came to mean the charm itself; two centuries later Theocritus' Simaetha spins one in her own spell (Idyll 2.17). Aphrodite teaches Jason the words to go with it, and their purpose is stated plainly: to strip Medea of αἰδώς, the respect that binds a daughter to her parents.
Medea's gift is pharmacy. Φαρμακώσαισʼ means she worked drugs into the oil, and what she hands Jason are ἀντίτομα, "things cut against" pain, the same word the Hymn to Demeter uses for the antidote the goddess knows (line 229). The verb for what Jason does with the oil, χρίεσθαι, "to anoint oneself," is the verb from which χριστός, "anointed," was formed. Pindar wrote the ode for Arcesilas, king of Cyrene, whose chariot won at Delphi in 462 BC.
4.224
The Victory Odes 4.224 · The plough and the bulls of fire4.224The plough and the bulls of fire
Pythian 4, lines 224–231. Aeetes shows how the task is done, then sets it for Jason.
· · ·
But when Aeetes had set out in their midst the adamantine plough and the oxen, which breathed flame of blazing fire from their tawny jaws, and pounded the ground in turn with bronze hooves, he led them and brought them to the yoke by himself. And stretching out straight furrows he drove, and he split open the back of the clodded earth a fathom deep. And he spoke thus: "The king, whoever commands the ship, once he finishes this work for me, let him carry off the imperishable coverlet, the fleece glittering with golden fringe."