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The Septuagint 3.19 · 3.19

Dust you are, and to dust you shall return

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ἐν ἱδρῶτι τοῦ προσώπου σου φάγῃ τὸν ἄρτον σου ἕως τοῦ ἀποστρέψαι σε εἰς τὴν γῆν ἐξ ἧς ἐλήμφθης· ὅτι γῆ εἶ καὶ εἰς γῆν ἀπελεύσῃ.

Word by word

ἐνeninἱδρῶτιhidrôtithe sweatτοῦtoûof theπροσώπουprosṓpoufaceσουsouyourφάγῃphágēiyou shall eatτὸνtòntheἄρτονártonbreadσουsouyourἕωςhéōsuntilτοῦtoûtheἀποστρέψαιapostrépsaiyou returnσεseyouεἰςeistoτὴνtḕntheγῆνgêngroundἐξexout ofἧςhêswhichἐλήμφθηςelḗmphthēsyou were taken·ὅτιhótiforγῆearthεἶyou areκαὶkaìandεἰςeistoγῆνgênearthἀπελεύσῃapeleúsēiyou shall go.

The setting

The sentence's final clause is mortality itself, stated with a stark etymological wordplay the Hebrew original makes plain (אָדָם, ʾādām, "man," is drawn from אֲדָמָה, ʾădāmâ, "ground/earth") and the Greek preserves in substance if not in the pun: γῆ εἶ καὶ εἰς γῆν ἀπελεύσῃ, "earth/dust you are, and to earth/dust you shall go." This is the verse the Ash Wednesday liturgy of many churches still speaks over worshippers, and the death God warned of in 2:17 finally spoken plainly, not as riddle but as fact.

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The Septuagint 3.19 — The Great Library Project interlinear edition · greatlibraryproject.com/book/septuagint/3.19/