Won't You Hush?
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Socrates — αὐτὸν πρῶτον, τίς ἐστιν ὁ Ἔρως καὶ ποῖός τις, ἔπειτα τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ. δοκεῖ οὖν μοι ῥᾷστον εἶναι οὕτω διελθεῖν, ὥς ποτέ με ἡ ξένη ἀνακρίνουσα διῄει. σχεδὸν γάρ τι καὶ ἐγὼ πρὸς αὐτὴν ἕτερα τοιαῦτα ἔλεγον οἷάπερ νῦν πρὸς ἐμὲ Ἀγάθων, ὡς εἴη ὁ Ἔρως μέγας θεός, εἴη δὲ τῶν καλῶν· ἤλεγχε δή με τούτοις τοῖς λόγοις οἷσπερ ἐγὼ τοῦτον, ὡς οὔτε καλὸς εἴη κατὰ τὸν ἐμὸν λόγον οὔτε ἀγαθός. καὶ ἐγώ, πῶς λέγεις, ἔφην, ὦ Διοτίμα; αἰσχρὸς ἄρα ὁ Ἔρως ἐστὶ καὶ κακός;
Diotima — καὶ ἥ, οὐκ εὐφημήσεις; ἔφη· ἢ οἴει, ὅτι ἂν μὴ καλὸν ᾖ, ἀναγκαῖον αὐτὸ εἶναι αἰσχρόν;
first, what Eros is and of what sort, then his works. It seems to me easiest to go through it thus, as once the foreign woman, questioning me, went through it. For I too, nearly, was saying to her other such things just as Agathon now to me: that Eros was a great god, and was of the beautiful; and she refuted me with these very arguments by which I refuted him, that he was neither beautiful by my own argument nor good. And I said: how do you mean, Diotima? Is Eros then ugly and bad? And she: won't you hush? she said. Or do you think that whatever is not beautiful must necessarily be ugly?
Socrates says he will follow Diotima's own order — first what Eros is, then his works — because that is how she once questioned him. For he had told her exactly what Agathon told him: that Eros is a great god, and of the beautiful. She refuted him with the same arguments he has just used on Agathon: Eros is neither beautiful nor good. Shocked, young Socrates asks, is Eros then ugly and bad? And Diotima: hush — do you think what is not beautiful must be ugly?
Diotima's rebuke, ouk euphēmēseis?, is a ritual phrase — "keep holy silence," the euphēmia demanded at a sacrifice, where an ill-omened word could ruin the rite. To call Eros ugly is, in her mouth, close to blasphemy. But the deeper correction is logical: between the beautiful and the ugly, the good and the bad, the wise and the ignorant, there is a metaxu, an in-between — and that is where Eros lives. The next lines will establish the middle ground with the example of right opinion, which is neither knowledge nor ignorance. Everything in Diotima's teaching flows from this refusal of the false dichotomy: Eros is not a god and not a mortal, not beautiful and not ugly, but the reaching between — the daimonic, the philosophical.
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