道德經

Tao Te Ching 20 · 20

Unlike the Crowd

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絕學無憂。唯之與阿相去幾何?善之與惡相去何若?人之所畏,不可不畏。荒兮其未央哉!眾人熙熙如享太牢,如春登臺。我獨怕兮其未兆,如嬰兒之未孩;乘乘兮若無所歸。眾人皆有餘而我獨若遺。我愚人之心也哉!沌沌兮,俗人昭昭,我獨若昏;俗人察察,我獨悶悶。忽兮若海,漂兮若無所止。眾人皆有以而我獨頑似鄙。我獨異於人而貴食母。

Cut off learning, and there is no worry. A polite “yes” and a careless “eh”: how far is one from the other? Good and bad: how far is one from the other? What people fear, one may not fail to fear. So wild, and still no end to it! The many people are bustling and merry, as if feasting at a great banquet, as if climbing a terrace in spring. I alone am still, not yet showing a sign, like a newborn child that has not yet smiled; riding on and on, as if I had nowhere to go home to. The many people all have more than enough, but I alone seem to fall short. Mine is a foolish man’s heart indeed! Muddled, muddled! Common people are bright and clear; I alone seem in the dark. Common people are sharp and quick; I alone am dull and closed. Vague, like the sea; drifting, as if with nowhere to stop. The many people all have something to do, but I alone am stubborn and seem crude. I alone am different from others, and I prize feeding on the mother.

Word by word

絕juéCut off學xuélearningand無wúthere is no憂yōuworry。唯wěiA polite “yes”之zhīand與yǔand阿ēa careless “eh”is相xiāngone from the other去qùfar幾jǐhow何hé(much)?善shànGood之zhīand與yǔand惡èbadis相xiāngone from the other去qùfar何héhow若ruò(like)?人rénpeople之zhī(’s)所suǒWhat畏wèifear,不bùnotone可kěmay不bùfail to畏wèifear。荒huāngSo wild兮xī(ah)to其qíitand未wèistill no央yāngend哉zāi(!)!眾zhòngThe many人rénpeopleare熙xībustlingand熙xīmerry如rúas if享xiǎngfeastingat太tàia great牢láobanquet,如rúas if春chūnin spring登dēngclimbing臺táia terrace。我wǒI獨dúalone怕pòam still兮xī(ah)其qí(my)未wèinot yet兆zhàoshowing a sign,如rúlike嬰yīnga newborn兒érchild之zhīthat未wèihas not yet孩háismiled;乘chéngriding乘chéngon and on兮xī(ah)若ruòas ifI had無wúnowhereto所suǒ(place)歸guīgo hometo。眾zhòngThe many人rénpeople皆jiēall有yǒuhave餘yúmore than enough而érbut我wǒI獨dúalone若ruòseem遺yíto fall short。我wǒMine愚yúa foolish人rénman之zhī’s心xīnheart也yěis哉zāiindeed!沌dùnMuddled沌dùnmuddled兮xī(ah),俗súCommon人rénpeople昭zhāoare bright昭zhāoand clear,我wǒI獨dúalone若ruòseem昏hūnin the dark;俗súCommon人rénpeople察cháare sharp察cháand quick,我wǒI獨dúalone悶mènam dull悶mènand closed。忽hūVague兮xī(ah)若ruòlike海hǎithe sea,漂piāodrifting兮xī(ah)若ruòas ifwith無wúnowhere所suǒ(place)止zhǐto stop。眾zhòngThe many人rénpeople皆jiēall有yǒuhave以yǐsomething to do而érbut我wǒI獨dúalone頑wánam stubbornand似sìseem鄙bǐcrude。我wǒI獨dúalone異yìam different於yúfrom人rénothers而érandI貴guìprize食shífeeding on母mǔthe mother。,。:?:?,。,!,,。,,;,。,。!!;。;。,;,。,。,。

The setting

The chapter's most personal turn: a first-person self-portrait of someone unlike the crowd, closing on the claim that he alone draws on the Way itself.

A note on this passage

The book turns personal here, and everything the speaker says of himself sounds like failure beside the busy, sharp crowd. The last line names the reason: he alone draws his nourishment from the mother, the Way, which the crowd has stopped tasting.

This is the least stable of chapters 11 to 20: the real wording differs from Wang Bi's parallel text at roughly a dozen points, beyond mere print-glyph variants. The most striking is 乘乘, which Heshang Gong's own commentary explicitly glosses as 乘 read “in the level tone”, that is “ride”, against Wang Bi's reduplicated 儽儽, “listless, unmoored”: two different pictures for the same drifting feeling. Several other lines (怕/泊, 若昬/昏昏, 忽/澹, 漂/飂) follow the same pattern, close in feeling and genuinely different in wording.

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