1.3
Enchiridion 1.3 · Then no one can harm you
The payoff of the dichotomy, stated as a chain of consequences. Confuse the two lists and you are at everyone's mercy; keep them straight and nothing outside you can touch you — the most sweeping promise in the Handbook.
· · ·
μέμνησο1
mémnēso
Rememberto remind, (mid. / perf. μέμνησο) remember
οὖν2
ou͂n
thentherefore, so
, ὅτι3
hóti
thatbecause
ἐὰν4
eàn
if
οἰηθῇς5
oiēthē͂is
you supposeto suppose, think, imagine
τὰ6
tà
the things
δοῦλα7
dou͂la
slavishenslaved, servile, (noun) a slave
φύσει8
phúsei
by naturenatural constitution
to be
ἐλεύθερα9
eleúthera
freeunconstrained
, καὶ10
kaì
andalso, even
τὰ11
tà
what isthe
ἀλλότρια12
allótria
another'sbelonging to someone else, alien
to be
ἴδια13
ídia
your ownone's own, private, particular
, ἐμποδισθήσῃ14
empodisthḗsēi
you will be hinderedto hinder, impede
, πενθήσεις15
penthḗseis
you will grieveto mourn, lament
, ταραχθήσῃ16
tarakhthḗsēi
you will be disturbedto stir up, trouble, disturb
, μέμψῃ17
mémpsēi
you will blameto blame, find fault with, reproach
καὶ18
kaì
bothand, also, even
θεοὺς19
theoùs
godsgod, deity
καὶ20
kaì
andalso, even
ἀνθρώπους21
anthrṓpous
menhuman being, person
. ἐὰν22
eàn
If
δὲ23
dè
butand
οἰηθῇς24
oiēthē͂is
you supposeto suppose, think, imagine
τὸ25
tò
what isthe
σὸν26
sòn
your ownyours
μόνον27
mónon
onlyalone, sole
σὸν28
sòn
your ownyours
εἶναι29
ei͂nai
to beto exist
, τὸ30
tò
what isthe
δὲ31
dè
butand
ἀλλότριον32
allótrion
another'sbelonging to someone else, alien
ἀλλότριον33
allótrion
another'sbelonging to someone else, alien
ὥσπερ34
hṓsper
asjust as
ἐστίν35
estín
it isto be, to exist
, οὐδείς36
oudeís
no one(neut.) nothing
σε37
se
you
ἀναγκάσει38
anankásei
will compelto compel, force, constrain
, οὐδέποτε39
oudépote
evernever
, οὐδείς40
oudeís
no one(neut.) nothing
σε41
se
you
κωλύσει42
kōlúsei
will hinderto hinder, prevent, stop
, οὐ43
ou
not
μέμψῃ44
mémpsēi
you will blameto blame, find fault with, reproach
οὐδένα45
oudéna
no one(neut.) nothing
, οὐκ46
ouk
not
ἐγκαλέσεις47
enkaléseis
you will accuseto bring a charge against
τινί48
tiní
anyonesomeone, something, (enclitic) any
, ἄκων49
ákōn
unwillinglyunwilling, against one's will
πράξεις50
práxeis
you will doto do, act, fare
οὐδὲ51
oudè
not evenand not, nor
ἕν52
hén
one thing'in a word, in short'
, οὐδείς53
oudeís
no one(neut.) nothing
σε54
se
you
βλάψει55
blápsei
will harmto harm, hurt, damage
, ἐχθρὸν56
ekhthròn
an enemyhostile, (noun) an enemy
οὐχ57
oukh
not
ἕξεις58
héxeis
you will haveto have, hold, possess, (+ adv.) to be in a state
, οὐδὲ59
oudè
for notand not, nor, not even
γὰρ60
gàr
forbecause
πείσῃ61
peísēi
you will sufferto experience, undergo
βλαβερόν62
blaberón
harmfulhurtful, injurious
τι63
ti
anythingsomeone, something, (enclitic) any
. Remember, then, that if you suppose the things slavish by nature to be free, and what is another's your own, you will be hindered, you will grieve, you will be disturbed, you will blame both gods and men. But if you suppose only what is yours to be yours, and what is another's another's — as it is, no one will ever compel you, ever, no one will hinder you, you will blame no one, you will accuse no one, unwillingly you will do not one thing, no one will harm you, you will have no enemy, for you will suffer nothing harmful.
Remember, then, that if you suppose the things slavish by nature to be free, and what is another's your own, you will be hindered, you will grieve, you will be disturbed, you will blame both gods and men. But if you suppose only what is yours to be yours, and what is another's another's — as it is, no one will ever compel you, ever, no one will hinder you, you will blame no one, you will accuse no one, unwillingly you will do not one thing, no one will harm you, you will have no enemy, for you will suffer nothing harmful.
Interpretation
Remember, then, that if you suppose things slavish by nature to be free, and what is another's to be your own, you will be hindered, you will grieve, you will be disturbed, you will blame both gods and men. But if you suppose only what is yours to be yours, and what is another's to be another's — as it really is — no one will ever compel you, no one will hinder you, you will blame no one, you will accuse no one, you will do nothing against your will, you will have no enemy, and no one will harm you, for you will suffer nothing harmful.
This is the dichotomy turned into a chain of promises, and it is deliberately total. Get the two lists wrong — treat the body, reputation, and circumstances as though they were yours to command — and the whole catalogue of misery follows automatically: obstruction, grief, turmoil, and the reflex of blaming gods and men for what was never in their gift to give you. Epictetus is not threatening; he is describing a mechanism he thinks is as reliable as gravity.
The second half is the same mechanism run in reverse, and the claims are staggering: no one can compel you, hinder you, or harm you. He can say this because he has redefined harm. If the only things that are truly yours are your judgments and choices, then nothing outside you can reach them without your consent — and so, in the sense that matters, you become untouchable. It is the boldest move in Stoicism: not that bad things won't happen, but that they cannot be made into harms unless you hand over the verdict.
1.4
Enchiridion 1.4 · You cannot have it both ways
A sober qualification. The freedom just promised is not a part-time pursuit; it asks you to let some things go completely. Chase it alongside office and wealth, Epictetus warns, and you will likely lose both — the freedom for certain.
· · ·
Aiming, then, at such great things, remember that you must not take hold of them half-moved, but let some go entirely, and postpone others for the present. But if you also want these and both to hold office and to be rich, perhaps you will not get even these you will get, because you were reaching for the former too; but at any rate you will fail to get those, through which alone freedom and happiness come about.